ILO Working paper 90

OSH and the COVID-19 pandemic: A legal analysis

15 March 2023

This study provides an analysis of how occupational safety and health (OSH) regulation responded to the circumstances of key workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ILO Working paper 89

What has been driving work-to-work transitions in the emerging world? – A comparative study of Indonesia and South Africa

23 March 2023

This paper examines the shape, prominence and drivers of work-to-work transitions in South Africa and Indonesia – two middle-income countries with similar development levels yet different labour market characteristics.

ILO Working paper 88

The impact of Covid-19 on South African migrant wage workers and the self-employed

28 February 2023

When Covid-19 struck the South African government declared some of the strictest lockdowns worldwide. The impact of lockdowns on the working classes was especially severe. Initially many workers were left with no income, leading to warnings that a pandemic of hunger may eclipse the deadliness of the Covid-19 pandemic.

ILO Working paper 87

Effects of digitalization on the human centricity of social security administration and services

06 February 2023

ILO Working paper 86

Negotiations by workers in the informal economy

04 January 2023

This paper provides empirical evidence from Africa, Asia and the Americas on negotiations and collective bargaining by workers in the informal economy.

ILO Working paper 85

Ride-hailing versus traditional taxi services: The experiences of taxi drivers in Lebanon

05 December 2022

This paper provides insights into the working conditions of platform-based taxi drivers, and engages critically with the development of taxi platforms in Lebanon and shows its dependence on venture capital funds, the “non‑uberized” economy, the State and the non-market society in Lebanon, which is experiencing a structural transformation of its economy and labour market.

ILO Working paper 84

Engendering informality statistics: gaps and opportunities

21 November 2022

Informality is a dynamic and multidimensional concern that demands gender-sensitive data. In 2018, globally, more than 60% of employment was informal. However, global averages hide that in more countries the share of women in informal employment exceeds that of men. Also, women in the informal economy are often in the most unprotected situations – as domestic workers, home-based workers and contributing family workers – where a lack of visibility can increase their vulnerability.

ILO Working paper 83

Labour protests during the pandemic : The case of hospital and retail workers in 90 countries

07 November 2022

With a novel methodology searching news events from world’s largest news agencies via the online GDELT project, this report documents protest of key workers against their working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 90 countries.

ILO Working paper 82

Long-term care in the context of population ageing: a rights-based approach to universal coverage

20 October 2022

With the acceleration of population ageing, the achieving of healthy ageing is becoming a global imperative and social protection policies and social security systems have an important role to play in this endeavour.

ILO Working paper 81

Key workers in Malaysia during the pandemic

17 October 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Malaysian government prioritized health and economic stimulus packages for the sectors considered “key” for the economy and gave little recognition to the workers making contributions to the functioning of daily lives.